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Primary
Description
Primary education is the first stage of formal education. Primary programs are generally designed to provide children with foundational, non-specialized knowledge and skills in core subjects such as reading, writing and arithmetic. Primary school generally has an official entry of six or seven, and may last for from four to eight years, depending on national policies or priorities. Primary school is at least nominally compulsory in most countries, and while many governments have worked to reduce or eliminate fees and other costs for public primary school, primary education is not always free of charge.
Education statistics published by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics follow International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) classifications of school levels and may not always agree with a countrys own classification system. When this is the case, UIS statistics may not reflect the nature of the official education system for the country. When EPDC is aware of such discrepancies, they are noted on the country pages of our website.
EPDC projections (Wils and Ingram, 2011) show that by 2025, 38 of the poorest 40 countries in the world will have primary completion rates above 80%.
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- The Nickels and Dimes of Education for All: The expansion of primary education in Sub-Saharan Africa
- National Learning Assessment Mapping Project
- Does Horizontal Education Inequality Lead to Violent Conflict?
- Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: Uganda Case Study
- Investment in Equity and Peacebuilding: South Africa Case Study
- Horizontal Inequality in Education and Violent Conflict Literature Review
- Education Inequality and Violent Conflict: Evidence and Policy Considerations
- The Long-Term Effects of Universal Primary Education: Evidence from Ethiopia, Malawi, and Uganda
- Effectiveness of Read-Aloud Instruction on Reading and Math Outcomes: Evidence from Northern Nigeria
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